膜法富氧技术用于医疗保健初探

膜法制氧技术用于医疗保健时和其它氧源相比，具有疗效好、安全、经济、方便、体积小、重量轻、寿命长、操作简单、质量稳定可靠和长期使用时无副作用等优点，其相关产品如：膜法富氧机、膜法氧吧空调和移动式氧吧等是长期氧疗、健康人保健和高原富氧室的最佳氧源。     

Enrichment (and depletion) of human suppressor cells with monoclonal antibodies and immunoglobulin-coated plates

A cell separation method using immunoglobulin (Ig)-coated plates, originally devised for murine spleen cells, was modified and adapted for enrichment (and depletion) of cellular subpopulations from human peripheral blood. For the direct separation of B and T cells, F(ab')2 fragments of anti-human Ig were used to coat the plates. For indirect separation, the cells were first incubated with monoclonal antibodies to cell surface antigens and then separated in plates coated with anti-mouse Ig. Plates were first coated with poly-L-lysine to facilitate the adherence of anti-Ig antibodies, and finally with bovine serum albumin to mask free poly-L-lysine. Cells which did not react with the anti-Ig antibodies or which were nonadherent to the plate were pipetted off; cells which reacted with the anti-Ig antibodies or which were adherent were eluted after incubation with excess serum. T, non-T, T4+, T4-, T8+, and T8- lymphocytes were separated with high viability, purity, and yield. The method was used to study suppressor activity of a patient who was treated by bone marrow transplantation for myelofibrosis. Strong suppressor activity was associated with unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes, monocytes, T, T8+, and T4- cells but not with B, T8-, and T4+ cells.     

Environmental enrichment and deprivation: Effects on learning,memory and exploration

Rats were raised in one of four environments: perceptually enriched-socially enriched; perceptually enriched-socially impoverished; perceptually impoverished-socially enriched; and, perceptually impoverished-socially impoverished. After training on a one-trial, step-down passive avoidance task, they were tested for retention after 24 hr (Experiment 1), or given ECS at one of three intervals and then tested for retention after 24 hr (Experiment 2). Social and perceptual variables contributed to performance of groups in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, socially-enriched groups showed a gradient of retention over training-ECS intervals, while socially-impoverished groups showed no difference between the amnestic effects of ECS at 10 and 60 sec suggesting a slowing of consolidation. In open field testing (Experiment 3), perceptually enriched groups entered more squares. Perceptual and social enrichment have different behavioral effects, and it is hypothesized that they may reflect different physiological mechanisms.     

海拔5380m富氧室对士兵力竭运动后心肌酶活性的影响

目的 :研究富氧室对高原人体运动血中心肌酶活性的影响。方法 :在海拔 53 80m将室内氧浓度提高到 2 7% ,检测 10名青年安静时、进入富氧室前后力竭运动后的天冬氨酸基转移酶 (AST)、乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)、α -羟丁酸脱氢酶 (α -HBDH)、肌酸肌酶 (CK)及其同工酶 (CK -MB)的含量或活性。结果 :力竭运动后较安静时AST、LDH、α -HBDH、CK及CK -MB活性均升高(P <0 .0 1或P <0 .0 5)。富氧及力竭运动后较未富氧力竭运动后AST、LDH、CK -MB降低 (P <0 .0 1或 <0 .0 5) ,α -HBDH、CK无统计学差异 (P >0 .0 5)。结论 :富氧能减少高原运动时心肌酶的释放 ,增强氧合功能 ,是一种较为理想的高原供氧途径     

评价不同的打分函数对虚拟筛选β-分泌酶抑制剂富集率的影响

目的研究多种打分函数对计算机虚拟筛选β-分泌酶(β-secretase,BACE-1)抑制剂的影响。方法采用分子对接软件Surflex虚拟筛选了50个BACE-1的抑制剂和9950个无活性分子,同时应用5种打分函数对筛选的结果分别应用单个打分函数和多个打分函数组合得分排序。结果单独以Surflex_score一个函数抽提对接后的结合模式再进行打分排序后富集率为40,将Surflex_score和D_score两个函数组合后排序可获得48的富集率。结论组合多种不同的打分函数比单个打分函数打分能获得更多的活性化合物。     

Optimal neuroprotection by erythropoietin requires elevated expression of its receptor in neurons

Erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) binding mediates neuroprotection by endogenous Epo or by exogenous recombinant human (rh)Epo. The level of EpoR gene expression may determine tissue responsiveness to Epo. Thus, harnessing the neuroprotective power of Epo requires an understanding of the Epo–EpoR system and its regulation. We tested the hypothesis that neuronal expression of EpoR is required to achieve optimal neuroprotection by Epo. The ventral limbic region (VLR) in the rat brain was used because we determined that its neurons express minimal EpoR under basal conditions, and they are highly sensitive to excitotoxic damage, such as occurs with pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (Pilo-SE). We report that (i) EpoR expression is significantly elevated in nearly all VLR neurons when rats are subjected to 3 moderate hypoxic exposures, with each separated by a 4-day interval; (ii) synergistic induction of EpoR expression is achieved in the dorsal hippocampus and neocortex by the combination of hypoxia and exposure to an enriched environment, with minimal increased expression by either treatment alone; and (iii) rhEpo administered after Pilo-SE cannot rescue neurons in the VLR, unless neuronal induction of EpoR is elicited by hypoxia before Pilo-SE. This study thus demonstrates using environmental manipulations in normal rodents, the strict requirement for induction of EpoR expression in brain neurons to achieve optimal neuroprotection. Our results indicate that regulation of EpoR gene expression may facilitate the neuroprotective potential of rhEpo.     

Competition between acetate and oleate for the formation of malonyl-CoA and mitochondrial acetyl-CoA in the perfused rat heart

We previously showed that, in the perfused rat heart, the capacity of n-fatty acids to generate mitochondrial acetyl-CoA decreases as their chain length increases. In the present study, we investigated whether the oxidation of a long-chain fatty acid, oleate, is inhibited by short-chain fatty acids, acetate or propionate (which do and do not generate mitochondrial acetyl-CoA, respectively). We perfused rat hearts with buffer containing 4 mM glucose, 0.2 mM pyruvate, 1 mM lactate, and various concentrations of either (i) [U-(13)C]acetate, (ii) [U-(13)C]acetate plus [1-(13)C]oleate, or (iii) unlabeled propionate plus [1-(13)C]oleate. Using mass isotopomer analysis, we determined the contributions of the labeled substrates to the acetyl moiety of citrate (a probe of mitochondrial acetyl-CoA) and to malonyl-CoA. We found that acetate, even at low concentration, markedly inhibits the oxidation of [1-(13)C]oleate in the heart, without change in malonyl-CoA concentration. We also found that propionate, at a concentration higher than 1 mM, decreases (i) the contribution of [1-(13)C]oleate to mitochondrial acetyl-CoA and (ii) malonyl-CoA concentration. The inhibition by acetate or propionate of acetyl-CoA production from oleate probably results from a competition for mitochondrial CoA between the CoA-utilizing enzymes.     

Neither environmental enrichment nor voluntary wheel running enhances recovery from incomplete spinal cord injury in rats

Environmental enrichment and exercise may be neuroprotective or promote recovery after different forms of CNS injury. Here, we tested the possible effects of moderate environmental enrichment and voluntary exercise on the outcome of incomplete spinal cord injury in rats. We provided rats in standard cages with basic environmental enrichment (carton house, nesting material, tube, gnawing sticks). We also analyzed the effect of increased activity by housing spinal-cord-injured rats in cages with or without access to running wheels. In a third experiment, we looked at the possible effect of pre-injury training. In all experiments, a battery of behavior tests were used. Enriched environment provided before, after or both before and after injury did not alter the outcome on any of these tests. Similarly, despite excessive running after injury, no differences in terms of recovery and behavior were found in the running experiment. Similarly, running prior to injury did not significantly decrease the degree of functional deficit caused by the injury. Since there were no effects of further enrichment, above the possible effects of being socially housed, and since exercise did not improve the outcome, we conclude that these forms of increased activity do not render the animals significantly less sensitive to spinal cord injury and do not cause robust improvement when initiated after injury. While these results pose a limit to how helpful environmental and physical training programs may be in rodent impact injury models, they do not contradict the fact that voluntary and guided training can be effective tools in human spinal cord rehabilitation.     

基于区域熔融原理的样品冷冻富集技术及其应用

基于区域熔融原理,通过对水溶液样品冷冻过程中溶质在水和冰两相间转移特征的理论分析,说明区域熔融相当于一种连续萃取过程,并指出分配系数和冷冻体积分数是影响溶质富集效率的主要因素。以菊花提取物为测试样品,分别测定不同冷冻时间对应的冷冻体积分数,利用高效液相色谱分析样品冷冻前后其组分浓度的变化,实测富集效率与理论计算基本一致,准确性在93%以上。对于某些分配系数较小的组分,可以达到超过50倍的富集效果。